Scientific Literature Hub
Below are a collection of scientific publications covering numerous subjects; these articles were selected based on their impact and contribution to our knowledge of exercise and sport performance.
Some of these articles were chosen due to their influence on the development of Carbs Fuel products. Please explore these articles and reach out if you have any questions.
Factors Influencing Exercise Performance
These articles focus on the key physiological factors that impact endurance exercise performance.
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The fourth dimension: physiological resilience as an independent determinant of endurance exercise performance 
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Limiting factors for maximum oxygen uptake and determinants of endurance performance 
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Endurance exercise performance: the physiology of champions
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Physiological determinants of endurance exercise performance
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Critical Power: An Important Fatigue Threshold in Exercise Physiology
Nutrition for Exercise Performance
These articles focus on the nutritional and dietary practices used to acutely improve exercise performance.
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13C-glucose-fructose labeling reveals comparable exogenous CHO oxidation during exercise when consuming 120 g/h in fluid, gel, jelly chew, or coingestion
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Effect of exercise-diet manipulation on muscle glycogen and its subsequent utilization during performance
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The marathon: dietary manipulation to optimize performance
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Carbohydrate ingestion during prolonged exercise: effects on metabolism and performance
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A Step Towards Personalized Sports Nutrition: Carbohydrate Intake During Exercise
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Training the Gut for Athletes
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Nutrition for endurance sports: marathon, triathlon, and road cycling
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Pre-exercise carbohydrate and fat ingestion: effects on metabolism and performance
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Carbohydrates for training and competition
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Fueling strategies to optimize performance: training high or training low?
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Maltodextrin-Based Carbohydrate Oral Rinsing and Exercise Performance: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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Sports Drink Intake Pattern Affects Exogenous Carbohydrate Oxidation during Running
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¹³C labelled glucose-fructose show greater exogenous and whole-body CHO oxidation and lower O₂ cost of running at 120 vs 60 & 90 g·h⁻¹ in elite male marathoners
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Effect of graded fructose coingestion with maltodextrin on exogenous 14C-fructose and 13C-glucose oxidation efficiency and high-intensity cycling performance
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Fructose-maltodextrin ratio in a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution differentially affects exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rate, gut comfort, and performance
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Divergent Changes in Peak Fat Oxidation and Fatmax Following 3‐Day Dietary Interventions Are Related to Muscle Glycogen Availability in Men
Exercise Metabolism
These articles focus on the metabolic pathways that produce the energy required during exercise.
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Regulation of endogenous fat and carbohydrate metabolism in relation to exercise intensity and duration
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Skeletal muscle energy metabolism during exercise
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Carbohydrate Dependence During Prolonged, Intense Endurance Exercise
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Lipid metabolism during endurance exercise
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Lactate metabolism: a new paradigm for the third millennium
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Lactate in contemporary biology: a phoenix risen
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Control of Lactic Acid Metabolism in Contracting Muscles and during Exercise
Fatigue and Fatigue Resistance during Exercise
These articles focus on one of the key dimensions to endurance performance and the variables that separate professional athletes from the amateurs.
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Training techniques to improve fatigue resistance and enhance endurance performance
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Changes in oxidative capacity and fatigue resistance in skeletal muscle
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Fatigue Induced by Physical and Mental Exertion Increases Perception of Effort and Impairs Subsequent Endurance Performance
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Relationships between maximal muscle oxidative capacity and blood lactate removal after supramaximal exercise and fatigue indexes in humans
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Relationships between muscle fatigue characteristics and markers of endurance performance
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Translating Fatigue to Human Performance
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Skeletal Muscle Fatigue: Cellular Mechanisms
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Monitoring Exercise-Induced Muscle Fatigue and Adaptations: Making Sense of Popular or Emerging Indices and Biomarkers
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Muscle fatigue: what, why and how it influences muscle function
Sports Nutrition Product Research
These articles focus on the technology and advancements used in sports nutrition products.
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Extreme Variation of Nutritional Composition and Osmolality of Commercially Available Carbohydrate Energy Gels
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Highly Branched Cyclic Dextrin and its Ergogenic Effects in Athletes: A Brief Review
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Carbohydrate Hydrogel Products Do Not Improve Performance or Gastrointestinal Distress During Moderate-Intensity Endurance Exercise
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Randomized Trial to Assess the Safety and Tolerability of Daily Intake of an Allulose Amino Acid-Based Hydration Beverage in Men and Women
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The effects of a sugar-free amino acid-containing electrolyte beverage on 5-kilometer performance, blood electrolytes, and post-exercise cramping versus a conventional carbohydrate-electrolyte sports beverage and water
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The Beverage Hydration Index: Influence of Electrolytes, Carbohydrate and Protein
Hydration and Endurance Sports Performance
These articles focus on the importance of hydration for exercise performance.
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Dehydration and endurance performance in competitive athletes
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Rehydration during Endurance Exercise: Challenges, Research, Options, Methods
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Does Hypohydration Really Impair Endurance Performance? Methodological Considerations for Interpreting Hydration Research
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The Effect of Heat Stress and Dehydration on Carbohydrate Use During Endurance Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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Effect of fluid ingestion on muscle metabolism during prolonged exercise
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The effect of dehydration on muscle metabolism and time trial performance during prolonged cycling in males
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The Hydrating Effects of Hypertonic, Isotonic and Hypotonic Sports Drinks and Waters on Central Hydration During Continuous Exercise: A Systematic Meta-Analysis and Perspective
Environmental Influence on Exercise Performance
These articles focus on the influence of environmental factors and how they can be used to improve exercise performance.
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"Living high-training low": effect of moderate-altitude acclimatization with low-altitude training on performance
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Human circulatory and thermoregulatory adaptations with heat acclimation and exercise in a hot, dry environment
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Effects of Environmental Conditions on Athlete’s Cardiovascular System
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Muscle Metabolism and Shivering During Cold Stress
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Cold exposure and exercise metabolism